Tweet19-02-2010 om 11:30 by Sueli Brodin
When I was a child, I used to call my father Zinho. For many years, my brother, sister and I were actually convinced that Zinho was his real name.
How surprised we were to discover one day that this wasn't the case at all! “Zinho is just the male diminutive form in Portuguese and doesn’t really mean anything,” my father laughed. “My name is Alain, or Alan in Portuguese. Your mother used to call me Alanzinho when you were small but Alanzinho was too long and difficult for you children to pronounce so you shortened it into Zinho, and it became my nickname.”
I have found the same fondness for diminutive forms in Dutch as in Portuguese. In Dutch they can be recognised by the suffixes -je, -tje, -pje, -etje, -kje, such as in bloempje (little flower), jasje (light coat) or hondje (little dog).
My children use them all the time: toetje for dessert, koekje for cookie, ijsje for ice-cream, filmpje for a film, cadeautje for a gift. I wonder how consciously they do it. Maybe it’s just the way children talk in Dutch. One thing is sure: the use of diminutives serves their goal because it makes their wishes sound more modest. How could one possibly refuse them a little something?

My mother in law uses them a lot too, with another purpose I suspect: that of creating a safe and homey atmosphere around her. She welcomes us with a kopje koffie (a cup of coffee), a stukje taart (a piece of cake) and asks us: “Wat zijn de nieuwtjes?” (what are the news?). When the weather is warm enough to sit outside, she invites us to enjoy het lekkere zonnetje (pleasant little sun) in the garden. Her house is always clean and tidy, netjes.
When I hear these verkleinwoorden (diminutives), I’m often reminded of a remark a French friend made when he visited the Netherlands for the first time: “Everything is minute here, so tiny and clean and cute… Just like Playmobil country.”
In my view, the use of diminutives fits well with the traditional Dutch unassuming take on life. I even think that the expression huisje, boompje, beestje (small house, small tree and small pet) describes a genuine modest ideal for many Dutch people. That would explain why the Dutch regularly rank among the happiest Europeans about their quality of life, as a recent European survey shows: “The Dutch are particularly satisfied about their personal situation, jobs, home, cost of living, heath care and social security systems. And Dutch children also repeatedly top happiness polls.”
Small things are not threatening. When the instructors at the gym ask us if we are ready for the one-hour long intensive spinning class, they use the diminutive form uurtje (a little hour) which makes it all sound like a piece of cake.

I’ve grown accustomed to hearing and using these diminutives in my everyday life in the Netherlands. I comment on het weertje (the weather) with my neighbours, organise kinderfeestjes (children parties) for my children, and smile when my husband puts een flesje bier (a small bottle of beer) in the fridge for strakjes (a little later).
As in other languages, diminutives in Dutch also commonly express love and affection. I was moved when my mother in law held my son Tim when he was born and called him kereltje (little man).

The other evening at the gym, the owner whom I don’t see very often because she usually trains during the day, greeted me with a friendly “Hoi meisje!” that made me feel wonderfully welcome and young and fit like a teenage girl.
I also enjoy hearing my children’s latest creation in the spectrum of diminutives. Just as my siblings and I had shortened my father’s first name into Zinho, my children have started calling our cat Jupiter by the simple syllable Juup. And when they really want to show him all the affection they feel for him, they tenderly cuddle him and whisper: “Juupje”.

Comments
22-02-2010 at 19:28
Than you for this really nice blog post! I also find the "verkleinwoorden" - or, as I usually say, the "+tje words" in Dutch to be the nicest. And they're the ones that I remember best, too! After reading your post I can now better explain about my favorite Dutch words :)
I also think this is a nice post on foreign language in general... Do you think it would be OK to re-post it as an EJC Magazine post? I would love to put it up if it's OK with you :)
21-02-2010 at 22:18
Leuk blogje.
But Dutch is not the only language fond of diminutives. To my opinion the master of diminutives was and still is Yiddish. I just read ‘a maizele iber a jingele’, that is a little story about a little boy or in Dutch: ‘een verhaaltje over een jongetje’. And who doesn’t know the evergreen ‘Mommele’: moedertje?
Just like modern German and Dutch, Yiddish has its origins in the tongue of the Rhineland of about the tenth century. Until the end of the 18 century it was the lingua franca among the Jewish traders in Europe, from Grenada to Stockholm. Yiddish was also spoken in Mokum and in the Mediene (Jewish communities in Amsterdam and in the rest of the Netherlands). Modern Dutch has still a lot of words and expressions borrowed from the Yiddish (marked as 'bargoens’ in most dictionaries). So, although I cannot prove it, I wouldn't be surprised if the Dutch fondness of diminutives has its origin in the Yiddish language. An extra argument in favor of a ‘Yiddish heritage’ is the fact that the use and meaning of Yiddish diminutives is exactly as Sueli explained it for the Dutch ‘verkleinwoordjes’: not only an expression of smallness but also a mark of love and affection. Marion Aptroot, professor of Yiddish at the university of Düsseldorf resumed it as follows:
In Jiddisj zainen faran tswei midroges fon farklener-formes. Ot die farklener formes drik’n ois nit nor kleinkeit. Nor zie zainen oich tsertel-formes.
Finally, a minor correction from my father the schoolteacher: ‘netjes’ is not a diminutive, but an adverb of modality: ‘netjes gedaan’ means ‘gedaan op een nette manier (done in a nice way). The ending ‘jes’ is a simplification of ‘jens’, and it is not related to the plural of the diminutive ending “je’.
Groetjes en kusjes
21-02-2010 at 21:35
Maar wat te denken van het tenenkrommende: (buur)vrouwtje of collegaatje?
20-02-2010 at 04:59
Sueli - that's a nice explanation of 'diminutives'...because I never actually studied Nederlands in the time that I lived there, I thought that way most of the words were said. When I grew up my Hungarian father called me Lizzyka, my family call me Lizzie and in the Netherlands, Dutch friends called me Lizje!
Keep writing!
19-02-2010 at 15:05
I like the diminutive in Dutch as well. We were told in our language class that just about anything can be made small or cute with an added 'je' and that people use it a lot. Certainly a 'pilsje' is a good description of a Dutch-sized glass of beer in a cafe.
19-02-2010 at 11:54
Just read in today's edition of The Telegraaf ;-):
"Proosten op het voorjaar: Terwijl in het westen van het land het weer de komende dagen grijs is, en buien en natte sneeuw worden verwacht, zitten in Maastricht mensen al lekker in het zonnetje op een terras op het Vrijthof, te genieten van een hapje en drankje. Dat kon gemakkelijk, want in het zuiden van Limburg kwam de temperatuur hier en daar al boven de tien graden uit. Alsof het voorjaar met een knipoogje wilde zeggen 'Wanhoop niet, ik kom er echt weer aan'."
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Sueli Brodin has been living in the Maastricht Region since 1994. She is the website editor for the European Journalism Centre (EJC) in Maastricht and produces the EJC's daily Media News digest. She is also a team member of PechaKucha Night Maastricht, an informal English-language initiative where creative people get together and present their ideas in a concise format. View Sueli's video portrait on www.zuidlimburg.nl.
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23-02-2010 at 11:42
Thank you all for sharing your interesting thoughts and comments.
@Liz: "Lizzyka" sounds very sweet :-)
@Amanda: yes indeed, that's probably why people often have several "pilsjes" ;-)
@Linda: I agree, diminutives also have a somewhat denigrating connotation sometimes...
@Reneke: the Yiddish angle would certainly be something for linguists to investigate!
@Kathlyn: yes, sure, please feel free to share my article on the EJC's magazine section (with credits to the Maastricht Region website). Many thanks!